Larry Wall says this are the languages you need to know: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LR8fQiskYII
1) JavaScript which is kind of a new Perl. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5016848
2) Java which is kind of new Cobol and is good for managers who think the more code the better (even if you are not planning to use it at all, it might be useful to take a look at it because of its popularity and OOcentric madness): http://steve-yegge.blogspot.be/2006/03/execution-in-kingdom-of-nouns.html
3) Haskell. The opposite of Java.
4) C - the one and only legend. And this is the best programming book: http://www.amazon.com/Programming-Language-Brian-W-Kernighan/dp/0131103628/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1439228169&sr=8-1&keywords=c
5) Some PRO hackers scripting language:
Ruby is the new PHP, http://blog.codinghorror.com/why-ruby/
Python is the new Basic, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9981440
Perl is the new Lisp, http://www.paulgraham.com/hundred.html
http://www.paulgraham.com/icad.html
He didnt even mention C++. Because if Perl is like Russian, harder to learn but best poetry. And Python is like English. A simpler language. Then C++ is definitely like Chinese. You will never know it fully. C++ might be a new FORTRAN or something, and is good for Universities Computer Science departments. Where you can learn a language for years and still don't get it. They have to study something, right (if they dont know what functional programming is): http://web.mit.edu/~axch/www/writing_rant.html
edit: and this is benchmark comparison if you like:
http://raid6.com.au/~onlyjob/posts/arena/
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